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In 2014, China's foreign trade situation has not only the rising cost of production factors, the weakening of traditional comparative advantages, but also the dire stagnation of the WTO's dividends. It also has a continuous improvement in the level of trade facilitation, rapid development of new trade methods such as cross-border e-commerce, and the country. Introduce a series of positive policies such as policies and measures to promote foreign trade development. Therefore, combined with the status quo of China's LED industry development, comprehensive judgment, the trade situation faced by China's LED lighting exports in 2014 slightly improved, both favorable and unfavorable factors.
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The export situation is becoming more and more complicated. In general, China’s foreign trade situation in 2014 has not only the rising cost of production factors, the weakening of traditional comparative advantages, but also the dire stagnation of the WTO’s dividends, and the increasing level of trade facilitation. The rapid development of new trade methods such as e-commerce and the positive aspects of the country's introduction of a series of policies and measures to promote foreign trade development.
The policy in the field of LED lighting is promising. In recent years, the elimination of incandescent lamps, coupled with the huge subsidies of the government, is undoubtedly a great market advantage for enterprises that export energy-saving lamps and LED lamps. After more than 30 years of development, China's LED industry has experienced the process of buying devices, buying chips, and buying epitaxial wafers. It has realized the independent production of epitaxial wafers and chips, and initially formed a relatively complete industrial chain, which has become the main source of LED products in the world. Ground. With the continuous expansion of the global LED promotion range, China's LED lighting exports will face unprecedented opportunities.
The penetration rate of the LED lighting market will increase significantly. Moreover, in the LED lighting market, the penetration rate of the civilian market has been low due to high prices, and as the LED lighting technology has improved and changed, its price has continued to move toward a sweet spot. According to foreign securities, the global demand for LED lighting will increase by 60% in 2014, with the largest increase in household lighting, which will increase by 90% next year, much higher than the commercial 37 and industrial 57, the most widely used ball. The penetration rate of the lamp and the lamp tube reached 20 and 15, respectively, and the high-profile LED lamp has a huge space for the civilian market.
Demand for LED lighting in emerging markets is heating up. According to CPbay's comprehensive data, LED lighting has rapidly penetrated in emerging markets such as Russia, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa due to the enhancement of environmental awareness and the government's promotion. These countries or regions have high investment in infrastructure, and LED lighting products. The demand is showing a clear upward trend, or it will become another highlight of the global LED market in 2014. In addition, China has bilateral trade agreements with ASEAN countries, and LED products exported to these countries can enjoy low tariffs or even zero tariffs; especially Russia needs a lot of LED lighting, and its local LED enterprises are few and the scale of enterprises is small. The technology is still relatively backward, and the demand for LED lamps is also large.
LED technical barriers to trade have become the biggest obstacle. As an important LED application base in the world, Europe and the United States are already ahead of other countries and regions in terms of LED standards. Highly demanding technologies and safety standards have been frequently used as trade protection measures by developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan. They have set harsh market access conditions for commodities through the formulation of technical regulations and safety standards, and have become the biggest obstacle to the export of LED lighting products in China.
Trade friction risks such as intellectual property disputes increase. In recent years, although the number of LED patent applications in mainland China has increased significantly, the position in the global LED intellectual property pattern has not been fundamentally improved. On the contrary, the homogenization competition caused by the intellectual property problem of LED is becoming more and more fierce, the problem of lack of industrial ownership is becoming more and more serious, and the risk of trade friction is also increasing. At the same time, with the rapid increase in the export of LED lamps in China, the low-cost competition between exports in the same industry is intensifying. After the international market is saturated, it is bound to adopt trade sanctions against anti-dumping and countervailing of LED products in China, which will also increase trade friction. risk.
The immature industry brings hidden worry. Although China's LED lamps export momentum is good, but the industry is not mature enough, some problems have gradually emerged, there are many hidden concerns, mainly in the following aspects:
There is no breakthrough in the core competitiveness of enterprises. All along, China's LED industry only has an advantage in product packaging, but does not have its own core technology and patents in product development and chip manufacturing. Most of the international high-end LED products are produced in Taiwan, Japan, Europe and the United States, and many small and medium-sized enterprises in China can only engage in LED applications and are at the lowest end of the industrial chain. Except for a few large enterprises, many small and medium-sized enterprises can only produce a large number of products with low quality requirements such as rainbow tubes. For example, enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region, and even many enterprises are difficult to produce products that meet the certifications of developed countries such as Europe and the United States. Can be exported to Africa, India, Arabia and other countries and regions to make profits at low prices.
Technical trade barriers are prominent. Since the second half of 2012, the United States, Japan, Mexico, and the European Union and other countries and regions have successively raised the technical threshold for the import of LED lamps. For the directional lamps and LED lamps that enter the country, they have proposed energy conservation, environmental protection, eco-design, energy efficiency labeling, testing and inspection. Higher performance and stricter requirements in terms of performance, safety, size, weight, shape, etc. It can be said that technical trade barriers have become the main problem facing China's LED lamps to maintain export growth momentum.
Product quality issues are obvious. Due to the lack of corresponding standards, it is not uncommon for domestic LED companies to seize the market in the form of sacrificing product quality, resulting in frequent blacklists due to product quality issues. According to incomplete statistics, since 2012, the EU Non-Food Rapid Alert System (RAPEX) has reported that China has exported LED lighting products hundreds of times, most of which are due to insufficient creepage distance or insufficient clearance. Caused by quality problems such as Jia. It can be seen that product quality issues have become an obstacle to the development of foreign markets in the LED industry.
The number of patent disputes has increased. Due to the lack of LED core technology patents and product brands, domestic LED product homogenization competition is becoming more and more serious, which leads to the trade friction of export products. In recent years, the United States has repeatedly used Section 337 to prevent China's LED products from entering the US market. According to statistics, since 2008, China's LED companies have suffered 4 investigations in 337, involving more than 30 domestic enterprises, including Xiamen Sanan, Dalian Lumei, Hangzhou Silan Mingxin and other LED chip companies, Guoxing Optoelectronics, Hongli Optoelectronics and other packaging companies, as well as LED applications companies such as Shenzhen Zhoulei. If the response is not good, LED intellectual property issues will also create long-term trade friction risks.
Industry concentration is low. The number of operating enterprises is relatively large and relatively scattered. The market supply pattern of such enterprises is not concentrated, resulting in fierce market competition. In particular, the functions of low-end and mid-end products are similar and single, and the price becomes the main means of competition among enterprises, which directly leads to meager profit and thus restricts. The improvement of enterprise innovation capability and the improvement of the overall export competitiveness of the industry.